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<text id=93HT0810>
<title>
1987: Andrei Sakharov:Picking Up Where He Left Off
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1987 Highlights
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
January 5, 1987
SOVIET UNION
Picking Up Where He Left Off
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Back home in Moscow, Sakharov speaks out on human rights
</p>
<p> Andrei Sakharov seemed determined to make up for lost time.
Within moments of returning to Moscow from seven years of
"internal exile" in the city of Gorky, Sakharov spoke out on
precisely the issues that landed him in Gorky in January 1980.
Asked by reporters to comment on Moscow's continuing
intervention in Afghanistan, Sakharov responded, "I consider
this the most painful part of our foreign policy." The frail
nuclear physicist also tackled human rights. "It is
impermissible for our country to have prisoners of conscience
and people who suffer for their convictions," he said. "I will
do everything within my power to have this stopped." One day
later Sakharov and his wife Elena Bonner issued an appeal on
behalf of a Soviet family that had been seeking to emigrate to
France.
</p>
<p> If Kremlin officials were disturbed by Sakharov's bold behavior,
they did not show their concern. Indeed, Soviet authorities
went out of their way to signal a truce with the country's
leading human rights activist. When asked at a press conference
if Sakharov might be punished for his Afghanistan comment, Yuri
Kashlev, a senior Soviet Foreign Ministry official, responded
mildly, "I do not see anything bad in this comment by Sakharov.
Indeed, our leadership has stated in the past on many occasions
that we seek to resolve the problem of Afghanistan as soon as
possible." As if to reinforce that point, a top Kremlin foreign
policy adviser told the Washington Post that Moscow plans to
withdraw its troops even if current efforts for a political
solution fail.
</p>
<p> Sakharov and Bonner were instantly surrounded by foreign
correspondents as the couple stepped off the overnight train
from Gorky at 7 a.m. last Tuesday at Moscow's Yaroslavsky
Station. For the next 35 minutes, Sakharov patiently fielded
questions on the chilly platform. Remarkably, few police
officers were in evidence. Usually, any public appearance by a
Soviet dissident is well attended by uniformed and plainclothes
police, who try to intimidate journalists and passersby. This
time no attempt was made to disrupt the impromptu news
conference. Nor was there any police stakeout at the couple's
tiny seventh-floor apartment on Chkalova Street.
</p>
<p> Still unanswered were questions about Soviet Leader Mikhail
Gorbachev's reasons for freeing the couple. When Gorbachev
phoned the Sakharovs in Gorky on Dec. 16 to invite them to
return to Moscow, he offered few clues. "Gorbachev is a shrewd
man, and we may not know yet how shrewd he may have been in this
case," says a Western diplomat. "Even if Sakharov takes up
where he left off, it is worth it.
</p>
<p> Certainly Sakharov's release offers Gorbachev some immediate
advantages. It eliminates an obvious source of friction in the
Soviet leader's dealings with Western politicians, who want
Moscow to improve its human rights policies. The move ensures
that Sakharov, who at 65 is in delicate health, will not die in
exile, a politically embarrassing prospect. Early last month
Soviet Dissident Anatoli Marchenko died in prison of a brain
hemorrhage following a hunger strike.
</p>
<p> Sakharov's release seems in keeping with Gorbachev's calls for
glasnost, or openness. That campaign was evident as the Soviet
media promptly reported a major methane-gas explosion that
claimed an undisclosed number of lives in a Ukrainian coal mine.
Beyond such candor, Gorbachev seeks what he has called a "fresh
voice" to provide criticism in the one-party Soviet Union. The
Soviet leader may hope that Sakharov will play that role. If
not, Sakharov's views may conveniently get lost in the din of
glasnost. Gorbachev may further hope that Sakharov will give
Moscow's lagging reform agenda a practical boost at home and a
political lift abroad. Toward that end, Sakharov played his
part well. "I have great respect for Mikhail Sergeyevich
Gorbachev," he told Western reporters. "I find the new policy
of openness in the country very important."</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>